Alpha-Synuclein

Misfolded Alpha synuclein protein accumulate into aggregates (oligomers) and damage host cell. PD patients brain cells tend to express alpha synuclein in large amounts, Alpha-synucleinis assumed to have a role in the disease process, reducing Alpha-synuclein level may prevent neuron death and delay or reverse the disease process  More information >> [20]

The goal here is to normalize Alpha-synuclein level by using a simple protocol

Some notes:

• Evidence is limited
• Most references to the available evidence, is to scientific articles/research
• Some “how to” information on healthline.com also linked to aid implementation
• The challenge – decision making under conditions of uncertainty (meaning – evidence is partial, what do you do?).
• The solution (hopefully)  – use a collection of tools, each with limited evidence,   while probably not all work, most likely some will work

The protocol:

1 – Sweating – 3 liters/day or so, research show that Alpha-synuclein accumulate around sweat glands, it seems safe to assume that Alpha-synuclein is secreted via the sweat glands [18],  [1]

2 – Alpha-synuclein is also secreted in the urine, so you can detox by drinking a lot and using mild diuretics e.g. parsley [2]

List of natural diuretics >>

3 – Probiotics Bacillus Subtillis PXN21, “eats” Alpha-synuclein in the gut, this probiotics is in the market for a number of years, it’s probably safe Successful experiment in animal model(worms) [3].

Note: several bacteria species ( Lactobacillus and Enterococcus) interact with Levodopa ,and so , limit production of dopamine in the brain 

4 – Optimise detox at the cell level (from the cell, out),  raise glutathione level ( intravenous  or suppository glutatyon or eat the precursors e.g sulfur found in eggs and cruciferous vegetables).

Glutathione has other benefits( master detoxifier, master anti oxidant), so it’s a good idea to boost it anyway [19].

How to increase glutathione by Mark Hayman [17]

More ways to increase glutathione [4].

Note, the other direction, overexpression of Alpha synuclein cause a decrease in glutathione level [5].

5 –

Sleep issues may have an adverse effect on brain detox processes, in particular on alpha synuclein clearance [6].

Most of the brain detox is done by the Glymphatic System during sleep, give it time, 7-8 hours of sleep, don’t go to sleep to late. More information [7].

During sleep, glymphatic system activity is characterized by a 60% increase in the interstitial space and CSF flow (Jessen et al., 2015; Xie et al., 2013), and clearance of alpha-synuclein, along with other protein accumulations, from the brain (Iliff et al.,  2012[6].

6 – Improve autophagy by intermittent fasting, preferably keto-fast – meaning a ketogenic diet in a 12 hours or less, daily eating window Ketogenic diet induced autophagy [8].

7- Alpha synuclein is found in Vertebras e.g cow, pig, chicken. Those molecules are almost identical to the human Alpha-synuclein, but not 100% identical, and may have a role in creating a pathology, much like in prion infection, more information >>[9].

Consider avoiding vertebrates, especially brain, bone merrow, bone broth.

Eggs – OK, as far as I checked.

8 – Mannitol

Mannitol was shown to inhibit formation of Alpha-synuclein oligomers[10], and there are anecdotal improvement reports of PD patients.

A clinical experiment (n=36) did not show significant improvement

You can add Mannitol to your diet in the dosage used in the experiment – start with 2.5 gram 2 times a day, gradually increase to 9 grams 2 times a day.

Why use Mannitol if the experiment showed no improvement ?
If, for example, subjects have existing damage(accumulated before the experiment), but new damage build up is slowed by say 50%, that’s very good, but the subjects will not experience any improvement. Maybe after a long time, difference relative to the control group will begin to show

9 – HSP – Heat shock proteins

Heat shock proteins – are listed here as they slow down or inhibit the formation of Alpha-synuclein oligomers.

The level of HSP in the body rise in response to adverse conditions (ice bath, sauna…intense exercise)

Sulforaphane- a compound found mostly in broccoli sprouts, also increase level of HSP. Sulforaphane is available in supplement form

Sulforaphaneis also beneficial to brain health as it reduces inflammation, increase anti oxidant activity and more [13], so it’s a good idea to use it anyway.

Mannitol  also increase HSP level, this is one of  the suggested mechanisms of action that explain why it inhibits creation of Alpha-synuclein oligomers, and generally improves PD [11].

Different heat shock proteins bind α-Synuclein with distinct mechanisms and synergistically prevent its  amyloid aggregation
[12]

More information on Sulforaphane >>
[13]

HSP27 binds Alpha synuclein  >>[14]

and

Sulforaphane increase level of HSP27 >> [15]

also  Sulforaphane increase level of HSP70 >>
[16]

10 – High intensity exercise

Irisin, a hormone secreted into the blood during high endurance and aerobic exercise, reduces levels of alpha-synuclein and restores movement in mouse models of PD [22]

Clinical research showing beneficial effect of high intensity exercise in PD patients  [23]

11 – Ambroxol – an over-the-counter cough syrup

One of the major genetic risk factors believed to contribute to the development of PD is having a mutation in the gene called GBA1 (glucocerebrosidase). Unable to do its job correctly, this damaged gene leads to the build-up of unhealthy, misfolded clumps of alpha-synuclein in the brain. These clumps, called Lewy bodies, impact dopamine production and are the hallmark of PD.

A 2020 study published in JAMA Neurology, titled, “Ambroxol for the Treatment of Patients with Parkinson Disease with and Without Glucocerebrosidase Gene Mutations: A Nonrandomized, Noncontrolled Trial” (Mullin et al., 2020), investigated whether an over-the-counter cough syrup, called Ambroxol, may be the key. [24]

12 – Mega dose, Vitamin B1 (Thiamine),

Vitamin B1, especially in high dose, improve PD  status according to a number of studies, one mechanism of action is reduction of Alpha-synuclein [24]

 

What to expect ?

If there is existing damage, and the protocol manage to stop/delay/reduce  further damage, e.g. by 100%,  this would be a significant achievement, but will not show as reduced symptoms (assuming n=1, meaning you tried it on yourself and you don’t have a control group etc).

A healthy person loose about 1% of its dopaminergic neurons every adult year,  this will not present symptoms as symptoms start showing when 80% or more of the dopaminergic capacity is gone

In a PD patient who started the protocol with say  15% of its dopaminergic capacity, even in the case of 100% cleanup of alpha synuclein, he will still be on 15% capacity and 14% next year, so…[21]

Not saying this to discourage, I believe the protocol worth the effort, and can by you time. I believe solutions based on gene therapy and stem cell  technology will be available soon.

Measuring Alpha-synuclein level require biopsy, we don’t have this technology available, but based on what we know from animal models, the protocol should work, at list some of it.

Besides it’s effect on Alpha-synuclein, the protocol is expected to improve brain health through several mechanisms including  reduced inflammation, normalizing heavy metals and other toxins, reduce oxidative stress, improved insulin sensitivity… So…good idea to try it anyway.

One more thing, a quote from  coacher Tony Robins –

Take Massive Action

 

What do you think ? feedback welcome, please comment below

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Want to try it ?  good luck !  ( needless to say,  it’s your responsibility )

Please fill free to contact with any issue

Guy
0522-597925
guy@mashlima.com

 

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Note:

This TED talk ___ suggests that misfolded alpha-synuclein aggregates are not a problem as long as normal alpha-synuclein is abundant, is this claim is correct, the above protocol  should be avoided

I collected the above set of tools, as they directly affect alpha-synuclein. Nevertheless, most those are very popular general health tools  e.g IM fasting, Keto, detox, sleep cycle compatible with circadian rhythm, Glutathione, Heat shock protein…

So, since they are popular, they seem to be safe.

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[1] –

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‌‌[2] –

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‌‌‌[3] –

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‌‌[13] –

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Cox, D., D. R. Whiten, J. W. P. Brown, M. H. Horrocks, R. San Gil, C. M. Dobson, D. Klenerman, A. M. van Oijen, and H. Ecroyd, 2018, The small heat shock protein Hsp27 binds α-synuclein fibrils, preventing elongation and cytotoxicity: Journal of Biological Chemistry, v. 293, no. 12, p. 4486–4497, doi:10.1074/jbc.m117.813865.

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Gan, N., Y.-C. Wu, M. Brunet, C. Garrido, F.-L. Chung, C. Dai, and L. Mi, 2010, Sulforaphane Activates Heat Shock Response and Enhances Proteasome Activity through Up-regulation of Hsp27: Journal of Biological Chemistry, v. 285, no. 46, p. 35528–35536, doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.152686.

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17-

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18-

‌Wang, N., C. H. Gibbons, J. Lafo, and R. Freeman, 2013, -Synuclein in cutaneous autonomic nerves: Neurology, v. 81, no. 18, p. 1604–1610, doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182a9f449.

‌19-

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20-

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‌21-

Peters, R., 2006, Ageing and the brain: Postgraduate Medical Journal, v. 82, no. 964, p. 84–88, doi:10.1136/pgmj.2005.036665.

‌22-

Exercise Hormone Halts Parkinson’s Disease Symptoms

23 –

Forced exercise 35% improvement, motor learning ? upregulate dopamine

‌

24 – Ambroxol

www.parkinson.org/blog/science-news/ambroxol

25 – Vitamin B1